高中英语读写拓展之英文原版书精读讲义：《傲慢与偏见》chapter5
Within a short walk of Longbourn浪博恩 lived a family with whom the Bennets were particularly intimate至交. Sir William Lucas威廉·卢卡斯爵士had been formerly in trade in Meryton麦里屯, where he had made a tolerable fortune, and risen to the honour of knighthood骑士by an address上书 to the king during his mayoralty市长. The distinction荣誉 had perhaps been felt too strongly. It had given him a disgust to his business, and to his residence in a small market town; and, in quitting them both, he had removed with his family to a house about a mile from Meryton, denominated命名from that period Lucas Lodge卢家庄, where he could think with pleasure of his own importance, and, unshackled不受束缚的by business, occupy himself solely单独地in being civil to all the world. For, though elated使…欢欣by his rank, it did not render致使him supercilious高傲的; on the contrary, he was all attention to everybody. By nature in offensive, friendly, and obliging乐于助人的, his presentation at St.James’s had made him courteous有礼貌的.
St.James’s：圣詹姆斯宫, 英国君主的宫殿
the king：指乔治三世在位期间
【词语】
intimate /ˈɪntɪmət/
adj. 亲密的；私人的；精通的；有性关系的
n. 知己；至交
vt. 暗示；通知；宣布
knighthood /ˈnaɪthʊd/
n. 骑士；骑士身份
mayoralty /ˈmeɪərəlti/
n. 市长职位；市长任期
distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/
n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉、勋章
denominate /dɪˈnɑːmɪneɪt/
vt. 为…命名；把…称作…
adj. 有特定名称的
unshackled /ʌn'ʃækld/
adj. 不受束缚的
solely /ˈsoʊlli/
adv. 单独地；仅仅
elate /ɪ'leɪt/
vt. 使…欢欣；使…兴高采烈
adj. 得意的
render /ˈrendər/
v. 致使；提供，回报；援助；提交，提出；作出（裁决）；放弃；表达；演奏；翻译；绘制；粉刷；熔化；从（动物身体）提取（蛋白质）；秘密偷渡
n. 底灰，底泥；交纳
supercilious /ˌsuːpərˈsɪliəs/
adj. 目空一切的，高傲的；傲慢的，自大的
obliging /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/
v. 强迫（某人）做（某事）；按（某人的要求）照办；帮忙；遵守誓约（oblige 的现在分词）
adj. 乐于助人的，热心相助的
courteous /ˈkɜːrtiəs/
adj. 有礼貌的；谦恭的
【语法分析】
he had removed with his family to a house about a mile from Meryton, denominated from that period Lucas Lodge, where he could think with pleasure of his own importance.
调整语序：
he had removed with his family to a house about a mile from Meryton, denominated Lucas Lodge from that period, where he could think with pleasure of his own importance.
①denominated非谓语过去分词作状语 ，其逻辑主语是a house，并有自己的逻辑宾语Lucas Lodge
②where引导非限制定语从句，修饰Lucas Lodge
【翻译】
距离浪博恩不远的地方，住着一家人，这就是班纳特府上的特别好知己（爵士威廉·鲁卡斯的家）。爵士从前是在麦里屯做生意来着，他在那儿赚得了一定的财产，曾在当市长的任内上书皇上，获得了一个爵士头衔；这个显要的身份使他觉得太荣幸，使他讨厌做生意，也讨厌住在一个小镇上，于是停了生意，离开小镇，带着家属迁到离开麦里屯大约一英里路的一幢房子里去住，从那时候起就把那地方叫做卢家庄。他可以在这儿可以享受身份且洋洋得意，而且摆脱了生意的纠缠，他可以全身心地去处好与世人的关系。尽管他洋洋得意自己的地位，却没不因此变得高傲，相反，他对每一个人都很关照。他生来善良，待人友好体贴入微，而且自从被皇上觐见后，变得更加彬彬有礼。
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Lady Lucas was a very good kind of woman, not too clever to be a valuable neighbour to Mrs.Bennet. They had several children. The eldest of them, a sensible, intelligent young woman, about twenty-seven, was Elizabeth’s intimate friend.
【翻译】
鲁卡斯夫人是那种非常善良的女人，为人没有什么心机，因此成了班纳特夫人的好邻居。他们上有几个孩子，最长的是一位明理懂事的姑娘，大约已有二十七岁了，是伊丽莎白的知心的朋友。
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That主语从句引导词 the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was absolutely necessary; and the morning after the assembly brought the former to Longbourn to hear and to communicate.
【翻译】
卢卡斯家上几位小姐和班纳特家几位小姐聚在一起，商量开一次跳舞会，因为这是绝对必要的。舞会开过的第二天早晨，卢卡斯家上几位小姐来到浪搏恩商量这件事情。
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“You began the evening well, Charlotte,”said Mrs.Bennet with civil self-command客客气气 to Miss Lucas.“You were Mr. Bingley’s first choice.”
【词语】
self-command
n. 自制，克己
【翻译】
班纳特太太客客气气地对卢卡斯小姐说：“卡洛蒂，那天晚上的开端，你开得很好。“你是彬格莱先生第一个选中的人。”
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“Yes; but he seemed to like his second better.”
【翻译】
“是的；但他似乎喜欢他的第二个。”
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“Oh! you mean Jane, I suppose, because he danced with her twice.To be sure that did seem as if he admired her—indeed Irather believe he did—I heard something about it—but I hardly know what—something about Mr.Robinson.”
Mr.Robinson：鲁宾逊先生，即达西先生
【翻译】
哦！我想你是说吉英吧，因为他跟她跳了两次。看来他确实是爱慕她的——真的，我相信他是爱慕她的——我听到了一些消息——可是我说不上是什么——听到了一些关于达西先生的消息。”
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“Perhaps you mean what I overheard between him and Mr.Robinson; did not I mention it to you? Mr.Robinson’s asking him how he liked our Meryton assemblies, and whether he did not think there were a great many pretty women in the room, and which he thought the prettiest? and his answering immediately to the last question:“Oh! the eldest Miss Bennet, beyond a doubt毫无疑问; there cannot be two opinions on that point.”
【语法解析】
and whether he did not think there were a great many pretty women in the room.
——由于达西高傲，所以用否定反问彬格莱。
【翻译】
“说不定你指的是我听到他和鲁宾逊先生的谈话吧;我不是跟你说过吗?鲁宾逊先生问他喜欢不喜欢我们麦里屯的跳舞会，问他是否认为到场的女宾们中间有许多人是漂亮的，问他认为哪一个最漂亮?他对最后一个问题的回答是:“哦!无疑是班纳特大小姐;在这一点上不可能有两种观点。”
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“Upon my word! 我敢保证Well, that is very decided indeed—that does seem as if—but, however, it may all come to nothing, you know.”
【翻译】
“我敢保证！——哦，那的确早已成了定论了——看上去的确像是——不过，你也知道，这一切也许会没有什么结果的。”
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“My overhearings were more to the purpose than yours, Eliza,”said Charlotte.“Mr.Darcy is not so well worth listening to as his friend, is he?—poor Eliza!—to be only just tolerable.”
【翻译】
“我偷听到的话比你听到的要更有意思了，伊丽莎，”夏绿蒂说。“达西先生的话没有他朋友的话中听，可不是吗？可怜的伊丽莎！他不过认为她还可以！”
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“I beg you would not put it into Lizzy’s head to be vexed by his ill-treatment, for he is such a disagreeable man, that it would be quite a misfortune to be liked by him. Mrs.Long told me last night that he sat close to her for half-an-hour without once opening his lips.”
【词语】
be vexed by意思是“因...而生气”
【翻译】
“我求你别再拿他昨天对丽萃的无礼来刺恼她了；既然他是个那么讨厌的人儿，他喜欢上才是算倒楣呢。朗格太太昨天晚上对我说，他挨在她旁边坐了半个小时竟连一句话也没跟她说。”
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“Are you quite sure, ma’am? —is not there a little mistake?”said Jane.“I certainly saw Mr. Darcy speaking to her.”
【翻译】
你那么肯定吗，妈妈——这话是不是有点小错误呢？”吉英说，“我明明看见达西先生和她说话来着。”
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“Aye—because she asked him at last how he liked Netherfield, and he could not help answering her; but she said he seemed quite angry at being spoke to.”
【翻译】
是的——那是因为后来她问起他喜欢不喜欢尼日斐花园，他才不得不敷衍了她一下；但她说他似乎很生气，因为有人跟他说话。”
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“Miss Bingley told me,”said Jane,“that he never speaks much,unless among his intimate acquaintances. With them he is remarkably agreeable.”
【翻译】
“彬格莱小姐告诉我”吉英说，“他从来不爱多说话，除非跟知己的朋友们谈谈。他对她们非常和蔼可亲。”
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“I do not believe a word of it, my dear. If he had been so very agreeable, he would have talked to Mrs. Long. But I can guess how it was; everybody says that he is eat up with pride, and I dare say he had heard somehow that Mrs.Long does not keep a carriage, and had to come to the ball in a hack chaise.”
【词语】
hack /hæk/
v. 砍；猛踢；非法入侵计算机；对付，应付；骑马；开出租车；不停地咳；在饲草架上放（饲草）
n. 砍，劈；出租马车；狱警；雇佣文人，写手；政治仆从；出租车司机；供出租的马；骑马；（运动中）踢；（用球杆）击打；伤口；（对电脑的）非法侵入；（冰壶中）冰槽；饲鹰饭；（晒乳酪等的）晒架
adj. 陈旧的，陈腐的；雇佣文人做的
【翻译】
“我可一点儿也不相信这话，我的女儿。如果他有那么随和，他就会跟朗格太太聊上几句了。我能猜出其中的原因；人们都说他骄傲透顶了，我敢说他一定是不知怎么的已经听说了朗格太太连马车也没有一部，是雇了个车子来参加舞会的吧。”
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“I do not mind his not talking to Mrs.Long,”said Miss Lucas,“but I wish he had danced with Eliza.”
语法分析：“but I wish he had danced with Eliza.”
wish虚拟语气的用法：
表示与过去事实相反的愿望，wish从句可按if主句倒退原则：倒流到该个时间前面的时间即现在完成时would / could+ have +过去分词。或者按if从句倒退原则：从句假想和过去事实相反，一定是倒流到最前面的时间即过去完成时。
原因：表示与过去事实相反的愿望，完全在YY，我想说是假想也行，我想说这个假想带来了结果也行。所以采取：if主句倒退原则或者if从句倒退原则。
but I wish he had danced with Eliza.= but I wish he would danced with Eliza.
【翻译】
“他没有跟郎格太太说话，我倒不计较，”卢卡斯小姐说，“只可惜他当时没有跟伊丽莎跳舞。”
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“Another time, Lizzy,”said her mother,“I would not dance with him, if I were you.”虚拟语气
【翻译】
她母亲说:“丽萃，如果我是你，我下次就不和他跳舞。”
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“I believe, ma’am, I may safely promise you never to dance with him.”
【翻译】
我相信，妈妈，我可以万无一失地向你保证，我永远不会再和他跳舞的。”
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“His pride,”said Miss Lucas,“does not offend me so much as pride often does, because there is an excuse for it. One cannot wonder that so very fine a young man, with family, fortune, everything in his favour, should think highly of himself. If I may so express it, he has a right to be proud.”
【翻译】
“他虽然骄傲，”卢卡斯小姐说，“可不像一般人的骄傲那样使我生气，因为他的骄傲还勉强说得过去。这么优秀的一个青年，门第好，又有钱，样样都比人家强，也难怪他要自以为了不起。如果我可以这样说的话，他有权感到骄傲。”
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“That is very true,”replied Elizabeth,“and I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine.”虚拟语气
【词语】
mortify /ˈmɔːrtɪfaɪ/
vt. 抑制；苦修；使…受辱
vi. 禁欲；苦行；约束；腐坏
【翻译】
“那倒是真话，”伊丽莎白回答道，“要是他没有伤害我的自尊，我也很容易原谅他的骄傲。”
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“Pride,”observed Mary, who piqued激起herself upon the solidity of her reflections,“is a very common failing, I believe. By all that I have ever read, I am convinced that it is
very common indeed; that human nature is particularly prone有…倾向的to it, and that there are very few of us who do not cherish怀有 a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or other, real or imaginary. Vanity and pride are different things, though the words are often used synonymously同义地. A person may be proud without being vain. Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us.”
【词语】
pique [pik]
v.怨恨 ；愤恨，激怒，激起
solidity /səˈlɪdəti/
n. 坚硬，坚固；体积；固体性
prone /proʊn/
adj. 俯卧的；有…倾向的，易于…的
self-complacency
自满自足
沾沾自喜
vanity
n. 虚荣心；空虚；浮华；无价值的东西
synonymously /sɪˈnɑːnɪməsli/
adv. 同义地
【语法分析】
Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves, vanity to what we would have others think of us.”
vanit后省略了relates，与 Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves 对应。
【翻译】
“骄傲，”玛丽说，她觉得她找到了一个激起自己的思想深思熟虑的机会，“我认为，骄傲是一般人的通病。我读过的所有的书藉都告诉我，它是非常普遍的，人性特别容易趋向于这方面，我们中间很少有人不为自己有这样的和那样的品性——
不管它们是真实存在的还是我们想象出来的，而怀有一种沾沾自喜的感觉的。虚荣和骄傲是两种不同的品质，虽然这两个词语常常被当作同义词来使用。一个人可以骄傲而没有虚荣。骄傲更多是和我们对我们自己的看法有关，虚荣是与我们想让别人来怎么看我们有关。”
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“If I were as rich as Mr.Darcy,”cried喊叫 a young Lucas, who came with his sisters,“I should not care how proud I was. I would keep a pack of foxhounds, and drink a bottle of wine a day.”
【词语】
foxhound/ˈfɑːkshaʊnd
n. 猎狐犬，猎狐用猎狗
【翻译】
小鲁卡斯，他是跟他妹妹们一起来的，忽然喊道：“要是我也像达西先生那么有钱，我可就不会在乎我有多么骄傲了。”我要养一群猎狗，还要每天喝一瓶酒。”
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“Then you would drink a great deal more than you ought,”said Mrs.Bennet;“and if I were to see you at it, I should take you’re your bottle directly.”虚拟语气
【翻译】
“那样你就会喝酒过度的，”班纳特夫人说，“如果要我看见了，我就当下夺过你的酒瓶儿来。”
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The boy protested that she should not; she continued to declare that she would, and the argument ended only with the visit.
【翻译】
那孩子反驳说她不应该这样做；她继续坚持说她要会这样做，这争论到客人访问完才结束。
