高中英语读写拓展之英文原版书精读讲义：《傲慢与偏见》chapter4
When Jane and Elizabeth were alone, the former, who had been cautious in her praise of Mr. Bingley before, expressed to her sister just how very much she admired him.
【语法分析】
the former指Jane吉英
【翻译】
吉英原本并不轻易赞扬彬格莱先生，可是当她和伊丽莎白两个人在一起的时候，她就对她姐姐说，她自己是多么爱慕他。
【翻译注意点】
how very much she admired him.
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“He is just what a young man ought to be,” said she,“ sensible, good-humoured, lively; and I never saw such happy manners!—so much ease, with such perfect good breeding!”
【翻译】
他就是一个年轻人该有的样子，通情达理、幽默、精力充沛，我从来没有见过这样令人满意的举止！——不但大方，还有完美的教养！”
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“He is also handsome, ”replied Elizabeth, “which a young man ought likewise to be ,if he possibly can. His character is thereby complete.”
【翻译】
“他也长得很英俊，”伊丽莎白回答道，“只要可能的话，一个年轻的男人也得英俊些。他的人品真是十全十美的。”
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“I was very much flattered by his asking me to dance a second time. I did not expect such a compliment.”
【翻译】
“他第二次又来请我跳舞，我真的开心极了。我没想到会得到这样的赞美（他会如此欣赏我）。”
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“Did not you? I did for you. But that is one great difference between us. Compliments always take you by surprise, and me never. What could be more natural than his asking you again? He could not help seeing that you were about five times as pretty as every other woman in the room. No thanks to his gallantry殷勤 for that. Well, he certainly is very agreeable, and I give you leave 许可to like him. You have liked many a stupider person.”
【词语】
gallantry /ˈɡæləntri/
n. 勇敢；殷勤；风流；勇敢的行为
leave
vt. 离开；留下；遗忘；委托
vi. 离开，出发；留下
n. 许可，同意；休假
【语法分析】
1.his asking：Chapter 3讲过的动名词复合结构
2.He could not help seeing that you were about five times as pretty as every other woman in the room.
这里是英语中的特殊句式，即倍数的表达方式。这里可以翻译：他看到你比房间里所有的女人都要漂亮四倍，又或者：他看到你是房间里所有的女人的五倍漂亮。
即：A比B大三倍=A是B的四倍大
注意哦，这是字面上的翻译，按照中文表达习惯，第一种更为合适。
【翻译】
“你没想到吗？我可替你想到了。这就是我们两人之间的一个很大的不同。你啊，一受抬举就是受宠若惊，我可不这样。他再次邀请你那是最自然不过的事了。他看到你比房间里所有的女人都要漂亮十倍(夸张点的意译法~)
。所以，一点儿也不必为他的献殷勤而感谢他。是的，毫无疑问，他很随和，我允许你喜欢他。你已经喜欢过不少傻瓜男人了。”
【翻译注意点】
and I give you leave to like him.
【Compliments always take you by surprise, and me never.】
——这句话很好啊，记住记住记住哦！
没有什么值得恭维的，请你务必自信、不卑不亢。
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“Dear Lizzy!”
【翻译】
“亲爱的丽萃!”（她们问丽萃的看法）
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“Oh! you are a great deal too apt, you know插入语, to like people in general. You never see a fault in anybody .All the world are good and agreeable in your eyes. I never heard you speak ill of a human being in your life.”
【翻译】
“哦！你知道的，一般来说，你太容易喜欢人了。你看不见别人的缺点，在你眼里，整个世界都是美好的，令人愉快的。我生平从来没听你说过别人的坏话。”
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“I would not wish to be hasty in censuring anyone; but I always speak what I think.”
【词语】
hasty /ˈheɪsti/
adj. 轻率的；匆忙的；草率的；懈怠的
censure /ˈsenʃər/
v. 严厉斥责，正式谴责
【翻译】
“我不希望草率地批评任何人；但我总是说我心里想说的。”
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“I know you do; and it is that which makes the wonder. With your good sense, to be so honestly blind to the follies愚蠢and nonsense of others! Affectation做作 of candour正直 is common enough—one meets with it everywhere. But to be candid坦白without ostentation卖弄 or design—to take the good of everybody’s character and make it still better, and say nothing of the bad—belongs to you alone. And so you like this man’s sisters, too, do you? Their manners are not equal to his.”
【词语】
folly /ˈfɑːli/
n. 愚蠢；荒唐事；讽刺剧
affectation /ˌæfekˈteɪʃn/
n. 做作；矫揉造作；假装
candour /ˈkændər/
n. 正直，公正；直率；洁白；坦白
dour /dʊr,ˈdaʊər/
adj. 严厉的；顽强的；阴沉的；不爱讲话的
candid /ˈkændɪd/
adj. 公正的；坦白的；率直的；偷拍的
ostentation /ˌɑːstenˈteɪʃn/
n. 卖弄；虚饰；虚有其表
【翻译】
“我知道你是这样的；正是这一点使我感到惊讶。你这么聪明，可是你确实全然看不到别人身上的愚蠢和无聊，装模作样的人很常见；——人们到处可以见得到。但是坦诚、不做作、无心机——说出每个人性格上的优点，使它变得更美好，对不好的只字不提——这只有你能做得到。那么，你也喜欢那位先生的两个姐姐了，不是吗？她们的言谈举止可比不上他。”
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“Certainly not—at first. But they are very pleasing women when you converse with them. Miss Bingley is to live with her brother, and keep his house ;and I am much mistaken if we shall not find a very charming neighbour in her.”
【语法分析】
I am much mistaken if we shall not find a very charming neighbour in her.——双重否定为肯定
【翻译】
“刚开始不是这样的。不过当你和她们交谈起来时，你就觉得她们是那种非常叫人喜欢的女人了。彬格莱小姐准备和她哥哥一起住，为他操理家务；我非常相信她会成为我们的一个好邻居的。”
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Elizabeth listened in silence, but was not convinced; their behaviour at the assembly舞会 had not been calculated to目的在于please in general; and with more quickness of observation and less pliancy柔顺of temper than her sister, and with a judgement too unassailed未受攻击的by any attention to herself, she was very little disposed to有…倾向approve them.
【单词】
be calculated to……
目的在于，适合
quickness /ˈkwɪknəs/
n. 急速，迅速；尖锐化
pliancy /ˈplaɪənsi/
n. 柔软；柔顺；适应性
unassailed /,ʌnə'seild/
adj. 未受攻击的
disposed /dɪˈspoʊzd/
adj. 有…倾向；打算做…；有某种健康状态的
v. 处理；配置；使适应（dispose的过去分词）；使有倾向
【翻译】
伊丽莎白安静地听着，可是她心里并不信服；彬格莱姐妹俩在舞会上的行为表现，总的来说，并没有讨人喜欢的意思；因为伊丽莎白的观察力比姐姐敏锐、性情没有姐姐来得的柔顺，不管别人对她有怎样的关注，她的判断不会轻易地改变，她也没有去奉承他们的打算。
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They were in fact very fine ladies; not deficient不足的 in good humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of making themselves agreeable when they chose it, but proud and conceited自负的. They were rather handsome, had been educated in one of the first private seminaries学院in town, had a fortune of twenty thousand pounds, were in the habit of spending more than they ought, and of associating with people of rank上层人物, and were therefore in every respect方面 entitled to有权… think well of themselves, and meanly of others. They were of a respectable family in the north of England; a circumstance more deeply impressed on their memories than that their brother’s fortune and their own had been acquired by trade.
【词语】
deficient /dɪˈfɪʃnt/
adj. 不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的
conceited /kənˈsiːtɪd/
adj. 自负的；狂想的；逞能的
seminary /'semɪnərɪst/
n. 神学院；学校；发源地
associate /əˈsoʊsieɪt,əˈsoʊʃieɪt/
v. 联想，联系；（使）关联；与……交往
n. （生意或工作上的）伙伴；准会员；联想；准零售工
adj. （与某组织或企业）联合的；副的
rank /ræŋk/
n. 排；等级；军衔；队列
adj. 讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的
vt. 排列；把…分等
vi. 列为；列队
respect
n. 尊敬，尊重；方面；敬意
vt. 尊敬，尊重；遵守
respectable
adj. 值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的
n. 可敬的人
be entitled to……
有权；有…的资格
meanly
adv.卑贱地；吝啬地；简陋地
circumstance /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/
n. 环境；状况；境遇；（尤指）经济状况；命运
vt. 处于某种情况
【翻译】
事实上，她们也是非常高雅的女士；只要她们高兴，她们也不缺乏生动和幽默，在她们有意去做时，也不缺乏随和迷人的力量；但是她们其实是高傲和自负的。她们长得相当的年轻貌美，曾就读于市上一所上流的私立学院，拥有两万英磅的财产，平时已经养成了花大钱和交结上层人物的习惯，因此她们从每一个方面来讲，都理所当然地认为她们自己高贵而别人卑微。她们出身于英格兰北部的一个受人尊敬的家族，这样的环境深深地印在她们的记忆里，而她们兄弟以及她们自己的财产都是靠做生意赚来的这件事情，她们似乎不大愿意记得。
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Mr. Bingley inherited property to the amount of nearly a hundred thousand pounds from his father, who had intended to purchase an estate, but did not live to do it. Mr.Bingley intended it likewise, and sometimes made choice of his county; but as he was now provided with a good house and the liberty自由of
a manor庄园 ,it was doubtful to many of those who best knew the easiness of his temper, whether he might not spend the remainder of his days at Netherfield, and leave the next generation to purchase.
【词语】
liberty /ˈlɪbərti/
n. 自由；许可；冒失
manor /ˈmænər/
n. 庄园；领地；采邑，采地
remainder /rɪˈmeɪndər/
n. [数] 余数，残余；剩余物；其余的人
adj. 剩余的；吃剩的
v. 廉价出售；削价出售
【翻译】
彬格莱先生从他父亲那里继承了将近十万英磅的财产，他父亲原本打算购置一个庄园，他生前未能做到这件事情——彬格莱先生也有这样的打算，并曾有几次计划就选定了他家乡（购置一个庄园）；不过，现在既然他已经租下了一幢上好的房子，而且还有一个庄园任他使用，在那些对他的安逸性格有了解的人看来，他是否后半生会在尼日菲庄园住下去，以及把购置庄园的事留给下一代去做，就不确定了。
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His sisters were anxious for his having an estate of his own; but, though he was now only established as a tenant租客, Miss Bingley was by no means决不 unwilling to preside at his table—nor was Mrs. Hurst, who had married a man of more fashion than fortune, less disposed to consider his house as her home when it suited her. Mr.Bingley had not been of age two years, when he was tempted吸引by an accidental recommendation to look at Netherfield House. He did look at it, and into it for half-an-hour—was pleased with the situation and the principal rooms, satisfied with what the owner said in its praise, and took it immediately.
【语法分析】
1.Miss Bingley was by no means unwilling to preside at his table
P&P很喜欢用双重否定的句式。英语中，有时为了表达强烈感情，突出某一主题思想或起强调的作用，会用到双重否定的句式。
2. nor was Mrs. Hurst, who had married a man of more fashion than fortune, less disposed to consider his house as her home when it suited her.
首先，去掉插入语非限制性定语从句who had married a man of more fashion than fortune，然后调整部分倒装语序，得到以下句子：
Mrs. Hurst was nor less disposed to consider his house as her home when it suited her.
可以看出，也是用了双重否定的句式。表示Mrs. Hurst也打算把弟弟的家当成自己的家。
3.Mr.Bingley had not been of age two years.
这里是指当时彬格莱先生成年（25岁）还不满两个年头，即他当时是快23岁。
【翻译】
他的姐妹们都非常希望他有一个自己的庄园；不过，即使他现在只是作为一个租户的身份居住下来，彬格莱小姐也还是十二分的愿意在这里做家庭主妇，他的姐姐赫斯特夫人也一样，她嫁了一个追求时尚却没多少财产的男人，只要是住着舒服，她也愿意把他的家当作是自己的家一样。在彬格莱快要二十三岁的时候，当时是偶然听到别人推荐他到尼日斐花园来看看的。他仔细看了那房子半个钟头，所处的地段和里面主要的房间他都很满意，房东对这房子的一番赞扬也叫他满意，于是立刻就把它租了下来。
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Between him and Darcy there was a very steady friendship, in spite of great opposition of character. Bingley was endeared喜爱 to Darcy by the easiness, openness, and ductility柔软 of his temper, though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own, and though with his own he never appeared dissatisfied. On the strength of Darcy’s regard, Bingley had the firmest reliance
信赖, and of his judgement the highest opinion. In understanding, Darcy was the superior. Bingley was by no means deficient欠缺, but Darcy was clever. He was at the same time haughty傲慢的, reserved高冷的，and fastidious挑剔的, and his manners, though well-bred有教养的, were not inviting. In that respect his friend had greatly the advantage. Bingley was sure of being liked wherever he appeared, Darcy was continually giving offense得罪.
【词语】
endear /ɪnˈdɪr/
v. （使）受欢迎（或喜爱、爱慕）；（使）成本、价值或估价更高
ductility /dʌk'tɪləti/
n. 延展性；柔软性；顺从
reliance /rɪˈlaɪəns/
n. 信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物
reserved
adj. 保留的，预订的；缄默的，冷淡的，高冷的；包租的
fastidious /fæˈstɪdiəs/
adj. 挑剔的；苛求的，难取悦的；（微生物等）需要复杂营养地
offense
n. 犯罪，过错；进攻；触怒；引起反感的事物
well-bred
adj. 有教养的；良种的；受过良好教育的
【语法分析】
Bingley was endeared喜爱to Darcy by the easiness, openness, and ductility柔软of his temper, though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own, and though with his own he never appeared dissatisfied.
①先看这句话：though no disposition could offer a greater contrast to his own
his own 指达西的性格，意思是对于达西来说，虽然没有什么性格能和彬格莱的性格形成更大的对比。
② and though with his own he never appeared dissatisfied.
调整语序：and though he never appeared dissatisfied with his own，就很容易理解了，意思是但他自己从来没有觉得自己的个性有什么不完美的地方。
【翻译】
他和达西虽然性格大不相同，友谊却始终坚固。达西所以喜欢彬格莱，是因为彬格莱性情安逸、坦白直爽、温柔，尽管个性方面和他自己的极端相反，但他自己从来没有觉得自己的个性有什么不完美的地方。达西非常重视彬格莱，因此彬格莱对他非常信赖，对他的见解也十分看重。在智力方面，达西更胜一筹。决不是彬格莱欠缺，而是达西更聪明。同时他是傲慢的，高冷的，爱挑剔的，他的举止，虽然有教养，但不受人欢迎。在这方面，他的朋友占了很大的优势。彬格莱无论去到哪里，都有人们喜欢，达西是不断地得罪于人。
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The manner in which they spoke of the Meryton assembly was sufficiently characteristic. Bingley had never met with more pleasant people or prettier girls in his life; everybody had been most kind and attentive to him; there had been no formality礼节, no stiffness局促; he had soon felt acquainted with all the room; and, as to Miss Bennet, he could not conceive想象an angel more beautiful. Darcy, on the contrary, had seen a collection of people in whom there was little beauty and no fashion, for none of whom he had felt the smallest interest, and from none received either attention or pleasure. Miss Bennethe acknowledged to be pretty, but she smiled too much.
【词语】
formality /fɔːrˈmæləti/
n. 礼节；拘谨；仪式；正式手续
stiffness /ˈstɪfnəs/
n. 僵硬；坚硬；不自然；顽固
conceive /kənˈsiːv/
vt. 怀孕；构思；以为；持有
vi. 怀孕；设想；考虑
【语法分析】
and from none received either attention or pleasure. Miss Bennethe acknowledged to be pretty, but she smiled too much.
调整语序：and either attention or pleasure from none
from none提前，以加强语气，意思是达西没有得到一些关注和亲近。
P&P中有很多这样把重要信息前置的句子，大家多点耐心，慢慢看，对于提高语感很有帮助的，进而提升我们的阅读理解能力。
【翻译】
从他俩谈起麦里屯舞会的态度来看，就足见两人性格的不同。彬格莱说，他生平从来没有遇到过比这儿更和蔼的让你，也没有遇到过比这儿的姑娘更漂亮的人；在他看来，这儿每个人每个人对他都很亲切，很殷勤，不拘礼，不局促，他一下子就觉得和全场的人都相处得很熟；讲起班纳特小姐，他想象不出人间会有一个比她更美丽的天使。达西却恰恰相反，他总觉得他所看到的这些人既不美，又不时髦，没有一个人使他感兴趣，也没有一个人对他献殷勤，博取他的欢心。他承认班纳特小姐是漂亮的，可惜她笑得太多了。
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Mrs. Hurst and her sister allowed it to be so—but still they admired her and liked her, and pronounced her to be a sweet girl, and one whom they would not object to know more of. Miss Bennet was therefore established as a sweet girl, and their brother felt authorized by such commendation to think of her as he chose.
【词语】
authorized /ˈɔːθəraɪzd/
adj. 经授权的；经认可的
v. 授权；批准；辩护（authorize的过去分词）
commendation /ˌkɑːmenˈdeɪʃn/
n. 推荐；赞扬；奖状
【翻译】
赫斯特太太姐妹同意他这种看法（可惜她笑得太多了）──可是她们仍然赞赏她，喜欢她，说她是个可爱的小姐，她们并不反对和这样的一位小姐有更多的交往。班纳特小姐就这样成为一个可爱的小姐了，她们的兄弟听到了这番赞美，便觉得今后可以爱怎么样想她就怎么样想她了。
