[1]. The main "pros" of electric vehicles are that they cost less to refuel, accelerate instantly and promote better air quality, while the main "cons" are range anxiety, limited recharging infrastructure. One thing is for certain, though: The future of automobiles is increasingly electric. California has pledged to end the sale of new gasoline-powered vehicles by 2035 and many other states look set to follow suit. There are plenty of other reasons to switch to an electric vehicle, but there are also reasons to think twice. Without further ado, let's take a look at all the pros and cons of making the switch to an electric vehicle.
电动汽车的主要“优点”是，它们“加油”、立即加速和促进更好的空气质量的成本更低，而主要“缺点”是续航里程焦虑、充电基础设施有限。然而，有一件事是肯定的：汽车的未来越来越电动。加州已承诺到2035年停止销售新的汽油动力汽车，许多其他州也将效仿。改用电动汽车还有很多其他原因，但也有理由三思而后行。闲言少叙，让我们看看改用电动汽车的所有利弊。
[2]. Pros of electric vehicles
电动汽车的优点
①Electric cars are cheaper to fuel
电动汽车的燃料更便宜
If you've spent your whole life paying for gas, you're probably well aware of the advantages of switching to electric. While electricity prices vary from state to state, just as they do for gasoline, you can save a bunch of money if you're able to charge at home.
如果你一直都在花钱加汽油，你可能很清楚改用电的好处。虽然电价因州而异，就像汽油一样，如果你能在家里充电，你可以节省一大笔钱。
②Improved air quality
改善空气质量
In related news, if you like clean air, you're in luck! Switching from a gas-burning vehicle to a battery electric vehicle can improve local air quality as well as the environment at large. The fewer vehicles with internal combustion engines on the road, the better your local air quality will become. That has been especially true in metro areas like Los Angeles, where an increase in electric vehicles has been associated with a reduction in serious asthma cases.
在相关新闻中，如果你喜欢干净的空气，你就很幸运！从燃油车切换到电动汽车可以改善当地的空气质量以及整个环境。道路上配备内燃机的车辆越少，当地空气质量就越好。在洛杉矶等大都市地区尤其如此，那里的电动汽车的增加关系到严重哮喘病例的减少
③Electric cars are less expensive to maintain
电动汽车的保养成本更低
You'll still have to do a bit of maintenance on your electric vehicle, but the list of maintenance you won't have to do is quite a bit longer. There won't be any oil changes in your future, nor will there be any timing belts to replace. Brake pads should wear out less frequently, too, if your electric vehicle uses a lot of regenerative braking.
你仍然需要对电动汽车进行一些保养，但你不必做的保养清单要长得多一些。你未来不用更换任何机油，也不会有任何正时皮带需要更换。如果你的电动汽车使用大量动能回收制动，刹车片的磨损频率也应该较少。
④Peace and quiet
和平与宁静
We love the rumble of a V8 sports car or the diesel clatter of a big truck, but there's something soothing about the quiet of an EV gliding on a smooth highway at the end of a workday. As more luxury car companies like Mercedes-Benz get involved in the electric car fight, you can feel these vehicles becoming ever more insulated and refined.
我们喜欢V8跑车的隆隆声或大卡车的柴油声，但工作日结束时，电动汽车在平坦的高速公路上滑行的安静令人舒缓。随着越来越多的像梅赛德斯-奔驰这样的豪华汽车公司卷入电动汽车的争夺战，你可以感觉到这些汽车变得更加隔音和精致。
[3]. Cons of electric vehicles
电动汽车的缺点
①Range anxiety
续航焦虑
The average range of electric vehicles sold in 2022 was a little more than 200 miles. While that's probably enough for most people, so long as they can charge at home, it doesn't account for all situations. That's where range anxiety comes in. What if you need to go on a long drive? What if you don't have time to charge?
2022年销售的电动汽车的平均续航略高于200英里。虽然这对大多数人来说可能已经足够了，但只要他们能在家里充电，这并不能说明所有情况。这就是续航焦虑的来源。如果你需要长途驾驶呢？如果你没有时间充电怎么办？
②Long charging time
充电时间长
Putting electrons into an electric vehicle is not like putting gas into a gas or diesel-powered vehicles. If you can charge at home, you can at least build charging your EV into your routine by charging overnight. That is often when it's cheapest and most convenient, though that can vary depending on where you live. Charge time depends on your vehicle and the type of charger you're using. While fast charging is available, you don't want to use it all the time because it degrades the battery in your vehicle.
将电子放入电动汽车中并不像将汽油放入丰燃油车。如果你能在家里充电，你至少可以通过通宵充电来为电动汽车充电。这通常是最合算和最方便的时候，尽管这可能因你住的地方而异。充电时间取决于你的车辆和你正在使用的充电器类型。虽然快速充电可用，但你不想一直使用它，因为它会降低车辆中的电池寿命。
③Con: Battery degradation
电池老化
The battery inside your electric car doesn't last forever. While most batteries are rated to last at least 10-12 years, that's more of a guideline than a hard and fast rule. Driving your vehicle gently, using slow chargers (Level 2 and lower), and charging your vehicle to no higher than 80% capacity are all practices that can keep your battery in good condition. Replacing your battery can be very expensive, so it's important to keep it as healthy as possible as long as you can.
电动汽车内的电池不会永远持续下去。虽然大多数电池的使用寿命至少为10-12年，但这更像是一个指南，而不是一个硬性规则。温柔驾驶车辆，使用慢速充电器（2级及以下），并为车辆充电不超过80%的容量，这些都是可以保持电池良好状态的做法。更换电池可能非常昂贵，因此尽可能保持电池健康很重要。
④Fossil fuels are in play
化石燃料在起作用
Whether you're driving a hydrogen car or a battery electric vehicle, you're still relying on a grid that usually relies on fossil fuels, as noted above. There are some exceptions to this, primarily as it relates to the generation of electricity. Some states are increasingly generating electricity using renewable energy thanks to wind farms and solar energy. But don't think of an electric car as a get-out-of-climate-change free card; it's more of a step in the right direction.
如上所述，无论你是驾驶氢气汽车还是电池电动汽车，你仍然依赖通常燃烧化石燃料的电网。也有一些例外，主要是因为它与发电有关。由于风电场和太阳能，一些州越来越多地使用可再生能源发电。但不要将电动汽车视为摆脱气候变化的免费卡；它更像是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。
【精读笔记】
1、Timing belt. 正时皮带
正时皮带确保发动机中的气缸在恰当的时机打开和关闭。它负责同步曲轴和凸轮轴，确保气缸在恰当的时刻进气和排气。当皮带磨损或损坏时，这种同步可能会被打乱，导致发动机性能下降，甚至可能导致发动机损坏。对于大多数车型，正时皮带通常需要在6-10万公里时更换。为了避免意外和昂贵的修理费，建议在7万公里时更换正时皮带。
2、电车的同义表达：
electric cars. 电车 电动汽车
=electric vehicles. 电动汽车
=electric-powered vehicles. 电驱动的汽车
=New Energy Vehicles. 新能源汽车
3、油车的同义表达：
汽油动力车辆 柴油动力车辆
=gasoline-fueled cars. 燃油车
=petroleum-fueled cars. 燃油车
=gas-powered cars. 汽油驱动的汽车
gas guzzlers. 油车
=gas and diesel-powered vehicles.
